Microalgae

Microalgae

• Microalgae are unicellular to filamentous in form.
• They lack roots, vascular systems, leaves and stems, and are autotrophic and photosynthetic.
• Microalgae are generally eukaryotic organisms, although cyanobacteria, such as spirulina (prokaryotes), are included under microalgae due to their photosynthetic and reproductive properties.
• They range in size from about 5 micrometres (µm) to more than 100 µm.
• They can be found all over the planet & even in extreme environmental conditions, such as high temperatures or salt concentrations, low acidity, in presence of high contaminant concentrations, etc.

Benefits

Environmental benefits

• Carbon Capture and Climate Change Mitigation: They can sequester carbon dioxide from industrial emissions, thus reducing the greenhouse gas effect.
• Bioremediation: Microalgae can clean up polluted water bodies by absorbing toxins and heavy metals through bioremediation.

Economic advantages

• Renewable Biofuel Production: Microalgae can be processed into biofuels such as biodiesel, bioethanol, and biogas, helping to reduce dependence on fossil fuels.
• Cost-Effective Cultivation: Microalgae can be grown in ponds, photobioreactors, or even wastewater, requiring less land and resources compared to traditional crops.

Health and nutritional benefits

• Rich Nutrient Profile: Microalgae are a source of high-quality proteins, omega-3 fatty acids, vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants, making them a superfood for human consumption.
• Pharmaceutical Applications: Certain microalgae produce bioactive compounds that have anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and anticancer properties, which can be used in drug development.

Industrial and commercial applications

• Bioplastics and Biochemicals: Microalgae can be used to produce biodegradable plastics and various biochemicals, reducing reliance on petrochemicals.
• Cosmetics and Skincare: The antioxidants and vitamins in microalgae are valuable in the cosmetics industry for making skin care products.

Learn in detail about Algae.