Mamallapuram Temple
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About Mamallapuram
- It is a town that lies along the Coromandel Coast of the Bay of Bengal, south of Chennai (Tamil Nadu).
- It was founded by the Pallava king Narasimhavarman I in the 7th century AD.
- In 1984, UNESCO declared Mamallapuram a World Heritage Site due to its cultural significance.
- It includes monuments like the Pancha Rathas, Cave Temples, Arjuna’s Penance or Descent of the Ganges, and Shore Temples.
- It was one of two major port cities in the Pallava kingdom.
- It was also the Seven Pagodas. The ancient town had seven pagodas on the shore, of which only one, known as the Shore Temple, now survives.
Shore Temple
- It has two shrines, one dedicated to Shiva and the other to Vishnu.
- It was probably built during the reign of Narasimhavarman II, also known as Rajasimha.
Credit: Britannica
Pancha Rathas
- It is an architectural ode to Mahabharata’s five Pandava brothers, Yudhistir, Bhima, Arjuna, Nakula, and Sahadeva, and their wife, Draupadi.
- All of them were carved out of a long stone or monolith.
Credit: WikiData
Arjuna’s Penance or Descent of the Ganges
Credit: TOI
- It is a gigantic open-air bas-relief sculpted out of pink granite. The dramatic relief sculpture narrates the tales from Indian epics such as the Mahabharata.
- Conflicting interpretations
- One interpretation depicts the story of the origins and religious significance of the Ganges River.
- Another interpretation focuses on the devotion of the archer Arjuna, the hero of the Mahabharata.