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May 31 2024 Prelims Practice Questions (PPQs)
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[Quiz] Daily Prelims Practice Questions (PPQs) – May 31 2024
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These MCQs are based on PMF IAS Daily Current Affairs. The daily current affairs are uploaded every day by 8 PM. You can read the Daily Current Affairs from here. Subscribers of the “Current Affairs” course can Download Daily Current Affairs in PDF/DOC from here.
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Question 1 of 5
1. Question
Q1. {Social Sector – Health} Consider the following statements about Dementia:
- Alzheimer’s disease, the least common form of dementia, contributes to about 10-20% of of all dementia cases.
- Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a neurosurgical procedure that uses implanted electrodes and electrical stimulation to treat Dementia in patients.
- Similar to other BRICS countries, India also has dedicated dementia action plans and has committed funding for each one of the seven action areas of the WHO global action plan on dementia.
How many of the above statement(s) is/are not correct?
Correct
Explanation
Statement 1 is incorrect
- Alzheimer’s disease is actually the most common form of dementia. It may contribute to 60-70% of all dementia cases.
- It occurs when there is a lack of blood flowing in the brain and affects decision-making and the ability to recognise things.
- Currently, more than 55 million people have dementia worldwide, with over 60% living in low & middle-income countries. WHO estimates the number to increase to 78 million by 2030 & 139 million by 2050.
- Women are disproportionately affected by dementia, both directly and indirectly. Women experience higher disability-adjusted life years (DALY) and mortality due to dementia, but also provide 70% of care hours for people living with dementia.
Statement 2 is incorrect
- There is no cure for dementia. Being physically active and taking part in activities and social interactions that stimulate the brain and maintain daily function can promote well-being.
- Dementia is currently the seventh leading cause of death and one of the major causes of disability and dependency among older people globally.
- Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a neurosurgical procedure that uses implanted electrodes and electrical stimulation to treat movement disorders associated with Parkinson’s disease (PD), essential tremor, dystonia and other neurological conditions.
Statement 3 is incorrect
- India lacks an exclusive national policy specifically for dementia support.
- Dementia is referred to within a broader grouped health plan rather than as a distinct health condition.
- Moreover, India has committed funding for some, but not all, of the seven action areas outlined in the WHO global action plan on dementia.
- Other BRICS countries like Brazil, Russia, and China have dedicated dementia action plans, unlike India.
Answer: (c) All three; Difficulty Level: Medium
Incorrect
Explanation
Statement 1 is incorrect
- Alzheimer’s disease is actually the most common form of dementia. It may contribute to 60-70% of all dementia cases.
- It occurs when there is a lack of blood flowing in the brain and affects decision-making and the ability to recognise things.
- Currently, more than 55 million people have dementia worldwide, with over 60% living in low & middle-income countries. WHO estimates the number to increase to 78 million by 2030 & 139 million by 2050.
- Women are disproportionately affected by dementia, both directly and indirectly. Women experience higher disability-adjusted life years (DALY) and mortality due to dementia, but also provide 70% of care hours for people living with dementia.
Statement 2 is incorrect
- There is no cure for dementia. Being physically active and taking part in activities and social interactions that stimulate the brain and maintain daily function can promote well-being.
- Dementia is currently the seventh leading cause of death and one of the major causes of disability and dependency among older people globally.
- Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a neurosurgical procedure that uses implanted electrodes and electrical stimulation to treat movement disorders associated with Parkinson’s disease (PD), essential tremor, dystonia and other neurological conditions.
Statement 3 is incorrect
- India lacks an exclusive national policy specifically for dementia support.
- Dementia is referred to within a broader grouped health plan rather than as a distinct health condition.
- Moreover, India has committed funding for some, but not all, of the seven action areas outlined in the WHO global action plan on dementia.
- Other BRICS countries like Brazil, Russia, and China have dedicated dementia action plans, unlike India.
Answer: (c) All three; Difficulty Level: Medium
Unattempted
Explanation
Statement 1 is incorrect
- Alzheimer’s disease is actually the most common form of dementia. It may contribute to 60-70% of all dementia cases.
- It occurs when there is a lack of blood flowing in the brain and affects decision-making and the ability to recognise things.
- Currently, more than 55 million people have dementia worldwide, with over 60% living in low & middle-income countries. WHO estimates the number to increase to 78 million by 2030 & 139 million by 2050.
- Women are disproportionately affected by dementia, both directly and indirectly. Women experience higher disability-adjusted life years (DALY) and mortality due to dementia, but also provide 70% of care hours for people living with dementia.
Statement 2 is incorrect
- There is no cure for dementia. Being physically active and taking part in activities and social interactions that stimulate the brain and maintain daily function can promote well-being.
- Dementia is currently the seventh leading cause of death and one of the major causes of disability and dependency among older people globally.
- Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a neurosurgical procedure that uses implanted electrodes and electrical stimulation to treat movement disorders associated with Parkinson’s disease (PD), essential tremor, dystonia and other neurological conditions.
Statement 3 is incorrect
- India lacks an exclusive national policy specifically for dementia support.
- Dementia is referred to within a broader grouped health plan rather than as a distinct health condition.
- Moreover, India has committed funding for some, but not all, of the seven action areas outlined in the WHO global action plan on dementia.
- Other BRICS countries like Brazil, Russia, and China have dedicated dementia action plans, unlike India.
Answer: (c) All three; Difficulty Level: Medium
-
Question 2 of 5
2. Question
Q2. {Prelims – S&T – Space} LignoSat, recently seen in news, is a ?
Correct
Explanation
- In a world-first, Japanese researchers have built a tiny wooden satellite named LignoSat that will be launched into space in September.
- This innovative project aims to reduce space debris by burning up completely upon re-entry into Earth’s atmosphere.
- LignoSat is a collaborative effort between Kyoto University and the logging company Sumitomo Forestry.
- The satellite is a mere 10 centimetres on each side and is crafted from magnolia wood, which was selected for its strength and workability.
- LignoSat is scheduled to launch on a SpaceX rocket from the Kennedy Space Centre.
- It will be delivered to the International Space Station (ISS), where it will be deployed for a series of tests to assess its strength and ability to withstand extreme temperature fluctuations.
Answer: (b) Wooden satellite developed by Kyoto University and Sumitomo Forestry to combat space debris; Difficulty Level: Medium
Incorrect
Explanation
- In a world-first, Japanese researchers have built a tiny wooden satellite named LignoSat that will be launched into space in September.
- This innovative project aims to reduce space debris by burning up completely upon re-entry into Earth’s atmosphere.
- LignoSat is a collaborative effort between Kyoto University and the logging company Sumitomo Forestry.
- The satellite is a mere 10 centimetres on each side and is crafted from magnolia wood, which was selected for its strength and workability.
- LignoSat is scheduled to launch on a SpaceX rocket from the Kennedy Space Centre.
- It will be delivered to the International Space Station (ISS), where it will be deployed for a series of tests to assess its strength and ability to withstand extreme temperature fluctuations.
Answer: (b) Wooden satellite developed by Kyoto University and Sumitomo Forestry to combat space debris; Difficulty Level: Medium
Unattempted
Explanation
- In a world-first, Japanese researchers have built a tiny wooden satellite named LignoSat that will be launched into space in September.
- This innovative project aims to reduce space debris by burning up completely upon re-entry into Earth’s atmosphere.
- LignoSat is a collaborative effort between Kyoto University and the logging company Sumitomo Forestry.
- The satellite is a mere 10 centimetres on each side and is crafted from magnolia wood, which was selected for its strength and workability.
- LignoSat is scheduled to launch on a SpaceX rocket from the Kennedy Space Centre.
- It will be delivered to the International Space Station (ISS), where it will be deployed for a series of tests to assess its strength and ability to withstand extreme temperature fluctuations.
Answer: (b) Wooden satellite developed by Kyoto University and Sumitomo Forestry to combat space debris; Difficulty Level: Medium
-
Question 3 of 5
3. Question
Q3. {Prelims – In News} Consider the following statements:
- The Monsoon Croaks Bioblitz 2024 event is organized by Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, to spark public interest in frogs and spread knowledge about them via social media.
- Observations from the Monsoon Croaks Bioblitz 2024 event contribute to the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF).
- 41% of the world’s frogs are listed as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List.
How many of the above statement(s) is/are correct?
Correct
Explanation
Statement 1 is incorrect
- The Monsoon Croaks Bioblitz 2024 is organized by the Centre for Citizen Science and Biodiversity Informatics under the Kerala Forest Research Institute (KFRI).
- The aim of the event is to spark public interest in frogs and spread knowledge via social media.
Statement 2 is correct
- Participants in the Monsoon Croaks Bioblitz 2024 upload frog photos and sounds via the iNaturalist app.
- These observations contribute to the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF), which is an international network and data infrastructure that provides open access to data about all types of life on Earth.
- This contribution helps in global biodiversity conservation efforts.
Statement 3 is incorrect
- While it is true that 41% of the world’s frogs are on the IUCN Red List, they are not all classified as Vulnerable.
- The IUCN Red List categories include Critically Endangered, Endangered, Vulnerable, Near Threatened, and other categories indicating different levels of threat.
- Important species recorded: Critically Endangered Resplendent Shrub Frog, Endangered Malabar Torrent Toad, Small Tree Frog, Vulnerable Anaimalai Flying Frog, Near Threatened Purple Frog.
- Therefore, saying that all 41% are listed as Vulnerable is incorrect and misleading.
Answer: (a) Only one; Difficulty Level: Medium
Incorrect
Explanation
Statement 1 is incorrect
- The Monsoon Croaks Bioblitz 2024 is organized by the Centre for Citizen Science and Biodiversity Informatics under the Kerala Forest Research Institute (KFRI).
- The aim of the event is to spark public interest in frogs and spread knowledge via social media.
Statement 2 is correct
- Participants in the Monsoon Croaks Bioblitz 2024 upload frog photos and sounds via the iNaturalist app.
- These observations contribute to the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF), which is an international network and data infrastructure that provides open access to data about all types of life on Earth.
- This contribution helps in global biodiversity conservation efforts.
Statement 3 is incorrect
- While it is true that 41% of the world’s frogs are on the IUCN Red List, they are not all classified as Vulnerable.
- The IUCN Red List categories include Critically Endangered, Endangered, Vulnerable, Near Threatened, and other categories indicating different levels of threat.
- Important species recorded: Critically Endangered Resplendent Shrub Frog, Endangered Malabar Torrent Toad, Small Tree Frog, Vulnerable Anaimalai Flying Frog, Near Threatened Purple Frog.
- Therefore, saying that all 41% are listed as Vulnerable is incorrect and misleading.
Answer: (a) Only one; Difficulty Level: Medium
Unattempted
Explanation
Statement 1 is incorrect
- The Monsoon Croaks Bioblitz 2024 is organized by the Centre for Citizen Science and Biodiversity Informatics under the Kerala Forest Research Institute (KFRI).
- The aim of the event is to spark public interest in frogs and spread knowledge via social media.
Statement 2 is correct
- Participants in the Monsoon Croaks Bioblitz 2024 upload frog photos and sounds via the iNaturalist app.
- These observations contribute to the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF), which is an international network and data infrastructure that provides open access to data about all types of life on Earth.
- This contribution helps in global biodiversity conservation efforts.
Statement 3 is incorrect
- While it is true that 41% of the world’s frogs are on the IUCN Red List, they are not all classified as Vulnerable.
- The IUCN Red List categories include Critically Endangered, Endangered, Vulnerable, Near Threatened, and other categories indicating different levels of threat.
- Important species recorded: Critically Endangered Resplendent Shrub Frog, Endangered Malabar Torrent Toad, Small Tree Frog, Vulnerable Anaimalai Flying Frog, Near Threatened Purple Frog.
- Therefore, saying that all 41% are listed as Vulnerable is incorrect and misleading.
Answer: (a) Only one; Difficulty Level: Medium
-
Question 4 of 5
4. Question
Q4. {Prelims – S&T – Space} Consider the following statements:
- EarthCARE (Earth Clouds, Aerosols, and Radiation Explorer) Mission aims to improve our understanding of how clouds and aerosols interact with solar and terrestrial radiation.
- The EarthCARE mission is jointly carried out by JAXA and NASA under ESA’s Earth Explorer Program.
- EarthCARE will undertake a sun-synchronous orbit and a repeat cycle of 25 days.
- The overall impact of increasing cloud cover due to climate change is expected to enhance cooling.
How many of the above statement(s) is/are correct?
Correct
Explanation
Statement 1 is correct
- The EarthCARE mission’s primary objective is to study the interaction between clouds, aerosols, and radiation.
Credit: ESA
- By providing detailed vertical profiles of these elements, EarthCARE will enhance our understanding of their impact on Earth’s radiation budget, which is crucial for improving the accuracy of climate models.
Statement 2 is incorrect
- The EarthCARE mission is a collaborative effort between the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) and the European Space Agency (ESA), not NASA.
- It is part of ESA’s Earth Explorer Program, which focuses on addressing specific scientific questions related to the Earth system.
Statement 3 is correct
- EarthCARE will undertake a sun-synchronous orbit with an altitude of 393.14 km and an inclination of 97.05°. The orbit will have a period of 92.5 minutes and a repeat cycle of 25 days.
- EarthCARE is equipped with four primary instruments:
- The Atmospheric Lidar (ATLID) provides vertical profiles of aerosols and thin clouds.
- The Cloud Profiling Radar (CPR) provides vertical profiles of thicker clouds.
- The Multi-Spectral Imager (MSI) captures visible light and infrared radiation measurements of clouds and aerosols.
- The Broad-Band Radiometer (BBR) measures radiation from the top of the atmosphere. These instruments collectively enable comprehensive monitoring and analysis of atmospheric components.
Statement 4 is incorrect
- While it is true that low clouds generally have a cooling effect by reflecting sunlight, the overall impact of increasing cloud cover due to climate change is more complex.
- High, thin clouds tend to trap more heat than they reflect, leading to a warming effect.
Credit: ESA
- Currently, low clouds are more prevalent, resulting in a net cooling effect.
- However, climate change is expected to shift the balance towards more high clouds, which will enhance warming rather than cooling.
Answer: (b) Only two; Difficulty Level: Medium
Incorrect
Explanation
Statement 1 is correct
- The EarthCARE mission’s primary objective is to study the interaction between clouds, aerosols, and radiation.
Credit: ESA
- By providing detailed vertical profiles of these elements, EarthCARE will enhance our understanding of their impact on Earth’s radiation budget, which is crucial for improving the accuracy of climate models.
Statement 2 is incorrect
- The EarthCARE mission is a collaborative effort between the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) and the European Space Agency (ESA), not NASA.
- It is part of ESA’s Earth Explorer Program, which focuses on addressing specific scientific questions related to the Earth system.
Statement 3 is correct
- EarthCARE will undertake a sun-synchronous orbit with an altitude of 393.14 km and an inclination of 97.05°. The orbit will have a period of 92.5 minutes and a repeat cycle of 25 days.
- EarthCARE is equipped with four primary instruments:
- The Atmospheric Lidar (ATLID) provides vertical profiles of aerosols and thin clouds.
- The Cloud Profiling Radar (CPR) provides vertical profiles of thicker clouds.
- The Multi-Spectral Imager (MSI) captures visible light and infrared radiation measurements of clouds and aerosols.
- The Broad-Band Radiometer (BBR) measures radiation from the top of the atmosphere. These instruments collectively enable comprehensive monitoring and analysis of atmospheric components.
Statement 4 is incorrect
- While it is true that low clouds generally have a cooling effect by reflecting sunlight, the overall impact of increasing cloud cover due to climate change is more complex.
- High, thin clouds tend to trap more heat than they reflect, leading to a warming effect.
Credit: ESA
- Currently, low clouds are more prevalent, resulting in a net cooling effect.
- However, climate change is expected to shift the balance towards more high clouds, which will enhance warming rather than cooling.
Answer: (b) Only two; Difficulty Level: Medium
Unattempted
Explanation
Statement 1 is correct
- The EarthCARE mission’s primary objective is to study the interaction between clouds, aerosols, and radiation.
Credit: ESA
- By providing detailed vertical profiles of these elements, EarthCARE will enhance our understanding of their impact on Earth’s radiation budget, which is crucial for improving the accuracy of climate models.
Statement 2 is incorrect
- The EarthCARE mission is a collaborative effort between the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) and the European Space Agency (ESA), not NASA.
- It is part of ESA’s Earth Explorer Program, which focuses on addressing specific scientific questions related to the Earth system.
Statement 3 is correct
- EarthCARE will undertake a sun-synchronous orbit with an altitude of 393.14 km and an inclination of 97.05°. The orbit will have a period of 92.5 minutes and a repeat cycle of 25 days.
- EarthCARE is equipped with four primary instruments:
- The Atmospheric Lidar (ATLID) provides vertical profiles of aerosols and thin clouds.
- The Cloud Profiling Radar (CPR) provides vertical profiles of thicker clouds.
- The Multi-Spectral Imager (MSI) captures visible light and infrared radiation measurements of clouds and aerosols.
- The Broad-Band Radiometer (BBR) measures radiation from the top of the atmosphere. These instruments collectively enable comprehensive monitoring and analysis of atmospheric components.
Statement 4 is incorrect
- While it is true that low clouds generally have a cooling effect by reflecting sunlight, the overall impact of increasing cloud cover due to climate change is more complex.
- High, thin clouds tend to trap more heat than they reflect, leading to a warming effect.
Credit: ESA
- Currently, low clouds are more prevalent, resulting in a net cooling effect.
- However, climate change is expected to shift the balance towards more high clouds, which will enhance warming rather than cooling.
Answer: (b) Only two; Difficulty Level: Medium
-
Question 5 of 5
5. Question
Q5. {Prelims – PIN World} Select the correct code of countries which border Botswana:
Correct
Explanation
- Botswana is a landlocked country located in Southern Africa.
- It shares borders with the following four countries:
- Namibia: To the west and north. The border with Namibia runs along the Caprivi Strip, a narrow extension of Namibia that stretches eastward.
- Zambia: To the north. Although the border with Zambia is very short, it is significant because it is marked by the confluence of the Zambezi and Chobe rivers. The border is only about 150 meters long, making it one of the shortest international borders in the world.
- Zimbabwe: To the northeast. The border with Zimbabwe runs primarily along the Zambezi River and continues down to the eastern edge of Botswana.
- South Africa: To the south and southeast. This is the longest of Botswana’s international borders and it stretches from the eastern edge of Botswana to the southwestern corner near Namibia.
Credit: Victoria Falls Guide
Answer: (c) Zambia, Zimbabwe, Namibia, South Africa; Difficulty Level: Medium
Incorrect
Explanation
- Botswana is a landlocked country located in Southern Africa.
- It shares borders with the following four countries:
- Namibia: To the west and north. The border with Namibia runs along the Caprivi Strip, a narrow extension of Namibia that stretches eastward.
- Zambia: To the north. Although the border with Zambia is very short, it is significant because it is marked by the confluence of the Zambezi and Chobe rivers. The border is only about 150 meters long, making it one of the shortest international borders in the world.
- Zimbabwe: To the northeast. The border with Zimbabwe runs primarily along the Zambezi River and continues down to the eastern edge of Botswana.
- South Africa: To the south and southeast. This is the longest of Botswana’s international borders and it stretches from the eastern edge of Botswana to the southwestern corner near Namibia.
Credit: Victoria Falls Guide
Answer: (c) Zambia, Zimbabwe, Namibia, South Africa; Difficulty Level: Medium
Unattempted
Explanation
- Botswana is a landlocked country located in Southern Africa.
- It shares borders with the following four countries:
- Namibia: To the west and north. The border with Namibia runs along the Caprivi Strip, a narrow extension of Namibia that stretches eastward.
- Zambia: To the north. Although the border with Zambia is very short, it is significant because it is marked by the confluence of the Zambezi and Chobe rivers. The border is only about 150 meters long, making it one of the shortest international borders in the world.
- Zimbabwe: To the northeast. The border with Zimbabwe runs primarily along the Zambezi River and continues down to the eastern edge of Botswana.
- South Africa: To the south and southeast. This is the longest of Botswana’s international borders and it stretches from the eastern edge of Botswana to the southwestern corner near Namibia.
Credit: Victoria Falls Guide
Answer: (c) Zambia, Zimbabwe, Namibia, South Africa; Difficulty Level: Medium
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